Clinically perifir occlusive arterial disease characterized by narrowing of the arteries in the extremities and a dead end because the process of inflammation, or disease kologen thromboangitis obliterans.
Clinical signs and symptoms usually occur on:
Young male heavy smoker with a pain in the lower externitas according to Fontaine stages (I, IIa, IIb, III, IV).
on the skin of the foot inspection: Hyperpigmentation of skin, toe nails to thicken, lower extremity muscle atrophy, ulceration in the lower extremities.
Differential diagnosis: arterial occlusive disease karenba chronic emboli. Vasospastik Disease (Raynaud’s). Arterio skerosis obliterans.
Investigations: Laboratory: Blood routine.
Cardiology: ECG, Ekhokardiografi.
Radiology: Arteriografi or droppler ultrasound.
Therapy
- Non-surgical: Stop smoking and drugs vasodilators, anticoagulants.
- Surgery: sympathectomy, nekrotomi, debridement, amputation.
See How Cigarette Effect on Your Body
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